The subject of water fueled cars has been around for a very long time and is a widely debated subject. However, as a little known matter of fact most people don't even know or realize that the very first internal combustion engine powered automobile was invented by the Swiss inventor Isaac de Rivas in 1807. Which being in and of itself an incredible achievement seems to not even pale to the fact that it also turns out to be that what the engine used as fuel, (since gasoline wasn't invented until the 1870's) was amazingly, HYDROGEN extracted from WATER! [1]
Nowadays we still know that it's entirely possible to run a car on hydrogen. And although hydrogen gas has been proven to be 3 times more powerful than gasoline with the potential for its use as a fuel being enormous, it still has many drawbacks. For one thing, hydrogen, when contained and stored in large quantities, is very flammable and dangerous. Does anybody remember the Hindenburg?
Vehicles running with hydrogen in pressurized tanks have the potential of bursting into dangerous fireballs of combustible energy, especially during tragic automobile accidents. Even with advanced techniques of safety and procedures in place to protect the public, and even though hydrogen may seem to be ecologically and technologically the logical fuel right now for automobiles, there is no consumer distribution system in place.[2] Just the cost of building a hydrogen fueling infrastructure is an often a debated subject in and of itself. According to Larry Burns of General Motors "A network of 12,000 hydrogen stations in the United States would put 70 percent of the U.S. population within two miles of a fueling station. If the stations cost $2 million each (estimates for the cost of a station range from $1 million to $4 million) the network would cost about $24 billion."[3]
Also, currently with gasoline prices going through the roof and no definitive way of knowing what type of fueled vehicle will emerge as the dominant leader of the future, whether it be hydrogen, hydrogen fuel cells, methanol, ethanol or electric, it's now a time when many people are looking for any alternative means or method(s) to reduce the rapidly rising cost of gasoline.
This is where the often little known subject of HHO gas, or oxyhydrogen or Aquygen gas comes in. Oxyhydrogen is a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases, typically in a 2:1 molar ratio, the same proportion as water, hence the chemical "graphic" formula designation of HHO.
The chemical "simple" formula for water is H2O. This chemical "simple" formula we ordinarily write for water conveys no information about the compound's structure- that is, the order in which the atoms are connected by bonding, or how they are arranged in three-dimensional space.
The chemical "graphic" formula for water however is HOH, which also means two parts of hydrogen to one part oxygen, however in the "graphic" formula the one line list of the elements is intended to show the actual physical orientation of the constituent atoms to one another, whereas in the "simple" formula the actual physical orientation of the atoms is left unknown.
In other words from the chemical "graphic" formula for water we can see that the water molecule has an atom of hydrogen to either side of the oxygen atom. But in the chemical "simple" formula, the arrangement of the water atoms is not conveyed. From the chemical "graphic" formula of HOH we can see that it depicts that the chemical substance of water has one hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a single oxygen atom on either side of it.
To expound now a little further, water is the chemical substance with the chemical "simple" formula of H2O: meaning one molecule of water has two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a single oxygen atom. Covalently bonded meaning that, the atoms share "valence" electrons between each other such as is discussed in valence bond theory. [4] In short, the attraction-to-repulsion stability that forms between atoms when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding.
Now, enter in American-Italian physicist Professor Ruggero Maria Santilli, proponent if not outright inventor of the theories of hadronic relativity, hadronic mechanics, and hadronic chemistry. There does not seem to exist any more serious of a candidate for a unified field theory about the physical universe than Professor Santilli. And it seems that since his theories fly in the face of traditional science and go against Einsteinian doctrines that Professor Santilli's knowledge has been suppressed and he has been oppressed.
Recommendation of Professor Santilli for the Nobel Prize in Physics was initiated in 1984, and was more recently joined with recommendations for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. However the technical documentation of the nominations was ignored by the Nobel Foundation due to the granting of prizes in physics and chemistry under lack of solid foundations. [5] Currently the recommendations of Prof. Santilli for the 2007 Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry have since been rendered public.
According to Professor Santilli HHO gas is considered to be an oxygen and hydrogen hybrid which he calls a "magnecule". These hypothetical "magnecules" are a type of chemical species which are distinguished from other known species by containing a novel type of bond called a "magnecular bond", which he claims consists of atoms held together by magnetic fields which arise from toroidal polarization of their electron orbitals, instead of the other commonly known type of valence bond.[6]
In other words HHO gas contains the same two elements as water, hydrogen and oxygen, but rather than being molecularly bonded covalently as in water, in HHO gas, the 2 hydrogen atoms are joined together magnetically by what Santilli describes as a magnecule.
"Magnecules in gases, liquids, and solids consist of stable clusters composed of conventional molecules, and/or dimers (a molecule made up of two simpler identical molecules), and/or individual atoms bonded together by opposing magnetic polarizations of the orbits of at least the peripheral atomic electrons when exposed to sufficiently strong external magnetic fields, as well as the polarization of the intrinsic magnetic moments of nuclei and electrons. A population of magnecules constitutes a chemical species when essentially pure, i.e., when molecules or other species are contained in very small percentages in a directly identifiable, form."[7]
Professor Santilli also wrote "It is indicated that the creation of the gaseous and combustible HHO from distilled water at atmospheric temperature and pressure occurs via a process structurally different than evaporation or separation, thus suggesting the existence of a new form of water, apparently introduced in this paper for the first time, with the structure (H×H)-O where "×" represents the new magnecular bond and "-" the conventional molecular bond. The transition from the conventional H-O-H species to the new (H×H)-O species is predicted by a change of the electric polarization of water caused by the electrolyzer. When H-O-H is liquid, the new species (H×H)-O can only be gaseous, thus explaining the transition of state without evaporation or separation energy. Finally, the new species (H×H)-O is predicted to be unstable and decay into H×H and O, by permitting a plausible interpretation of the anomalous constituents of the HHO gas as well as its anomalous behavior."[8]
For further evidence supporting the fact that HHO gas is not covalently bonded, also consider the following; HHO Gas exhibits a widely varying energy content in BTU (British Thermal Unit), ranging from a relatively cold flame (259 F) in open air to large releases of thermal energy, depending on its use. This is unique to HHO Gas, as all other known fuels have a fixed value of energy content in BTU/SCF (British thermal unit per standard cubic foot). With this variable character of energy content, HHO Gas seems to come equipped with the evidence that the gas has a unique structure and a chemical composition and that it quite possibly does not have bonds of the valence type.
Also, if you put hydrogen magnecule gas in a fuel tank, the car runs 7.47 times the distance on the same tank volume and pressure compared to a car driven by hydrogen molecule gas. Santilli and his hadronic chemistry can explain this with detailed equations, while conventional quantum chemistry can not. Also, in the magnecule exhaust there are ZERO potentially carcinogenic substances, CO2 level is 40 percent down and OXYGEN is delivered from the clean exhaust (12-16 - to an all out whopping and incredible 100 or more after installing their HHO systems in their cars. [10]
And even though there is the matter that water fueled cars have been considered as figments of the imagination or that they are somehow mythological until their conception and acceptance in the so called real world. They have been incorporated into the real world now.[11] One possible reason that so many seem to snub what is clearly relevant and claim that they do not exist is possibly because they may believe that water fueled cars run "solely on water" and also that it could bring massive loss to the gasoline and other gasoline products markets. Yet all the time, and in actuality, hybrids, as they are called, are named such because they run on both gasoline and water. [12]
To run your car on HHO from water in your vehicle is fairly easy and can be done without any extensive knowledge of automobiles. Of course, having a little "hands on" experience of cars is a definite plus, but it isn't an absolute prerequisite. Installing an HHO generator/converter which passes an electric current (DC) through the water will split the H2o molecule (via electrolysis) thereby releasing hydrogen and oxygen atoms into a more gaseous and energetic form.
The HHO generation system for your car usually consists of a container which attaches easily to the inside of your engine compartment and you simply hook it up according to the installation instructions. You will also want to make sure the HHO gas reaches the combustion chamber and the electricity reaches the water to ensure that the proper chemical reaction takes place.
Also, be aware that if you have a newer model vehicle with an oxygen sensor, you may need to purchase an "over-ride" chip to account for the changes in air-fuel ratio. And simply because you are running your car on water does not mean that you need to fill an entire tank with water. A single jar of water can last for several months as it expands to approximately two thousand gallons of combustible HHO gas. With 1 liter of water you should be able to drive around 900 miles. Of course it depends on your vehicle.
With the gas crisis being as real as it is, water fueled cars may be the start of a brand new and economical solution. By utilizing HHO Gas from the electrolysis process, water fueled cars will emit oxygen in the air. This will help reduce pollution and thereby will also make earth a better place to live.
Water fueled cars can provide the first consumer-centered movement toward better fuel efficiency, cleaner emissions, and reduced operating costs. If you are interested in pursuing this technology further and you're confused about where to start you can go to the links in the resource box.
For more information and resources about how to fuel cars with hho/water visit:
No comments:
Post a Comment